APA 7th Citation Guide

General Guidelines

• Cite as much info as you can about the image: Sometimes image metadata (i.e. data about the image, like the title, date uploaded, etc.) is not obvious and is 'hidden' somewhere on the page. Look for an 'info' button to see if there is more information about the image. If you aren't sure if you've found all the information there is, Ask a Librarian!

• Ensure your capitalization and punctuation is correct

  • Author:
    • ​If only the creator's name is provided, cite them as you would for authors typically, i.e. Creator, A. A.
    • If the author only has a username then write it as you see it, e.g. if you see GDJ and there is no link to their name, then write GDJ. 
    • If the author has both their name and username, then write their name followed by the username as you see it in square brackets, i.e. Creator, A. A. [@username].
  • Image title: Write the title of the image in italics and in sentence case. 
  • Source image is from: In headline case in regular font, e.g. Digital Public Library of America. 

• Dealing with a lack of title
  • If there is no title to the image or photograph, provide a description in square brackets in regular font, e.g.  [Clip art of North American-style yellow school bus].

• Ensure your formatting is correct
  • ​Follow our red format structure and view our examples in black. E.g. For the elements of the reference we have italicized, you also italicize that same element in your reference.

• Insert the stable URL to the image or photograph - not to the database link - at the end: If a stable URL does not appear in the address bar, then find a "Share" or "Email" button under or next to the artwork to see if you can obtain the stable URL that way.

Format

Individual creator - when their name is present

Creator, A. A. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case [Clipart or Stock image]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxxx

Group Author

Group Author. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case  [Clipart or Stock image]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxxx

When only username is present

Username as is. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case [Clipart or Stock image]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxx

When creator name and username is present

Creator, A. [@username as is]. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case [Clipart or Stock image]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxx

Examples

Individual creator/s

Earwicker, B. (n.d.). Boise downtown [Stock image]. Freeimages. https://www.freeimages.com/photo/boise-downtown-1387405

Georghiou, C. (n.d.). An illustration of a cute cartoon frog mascot character [Clipart]. Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/illustration-cute-cartoon-frog-mascot-character-614561663

Group author

Element5 Digital. (n.d.). Strawberry smoothie on glass jar [Stock image]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/strawberry-smoothie-on-glass-jar-775032/

Studio London. (n.d.). Cute bear with bicycle.circus show illustration.t-shirt graphics [Clipart]. Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/cute-bear-bicycle-show-illustrationtshirt-graphics-789184459

When only username is present

eyeeyeview. (n.d.). Blonde Asian girl with a tablet [Stock image]. Rawpixel. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/591035/blonde-asian-woman-with-tablet

Microstock3D. (n.d.) 3D illustration of male with question mark blue [Clipart]. Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/3d-illustration-male-question-mark-blue-1199569897

Citing In-Text

(eyeeyeview, n.d.)  OR eyeeyeview (n.d.) 

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Format

Individual creator - when their name is present

Creator, A. A. (Year of creation). [Clipart/Stock image of image description]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxxx

Group Author

Group Author. (Year of creation). [Clipart or Stock image of image description]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxxx

When only username is present

Username as is. (Year of creation). [Clipart/Stock image of image description]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxx

When creator name and username is present

Creator, A. [@username as is]. (Year of creation). [Clipart/Stock image of image description]. Image Repository Name. https://xxxx

Examples

Individual creator

Cresnar, G. (n.d.). Scissors [Clipart]. Noun Project. https://thenounproject.com/term/scissors/1689584/

When only username is present

Victoruler. (n.d.). Telescope [Clipart]. Noun Project. https://thenounproject.com/victorulerz/uploads/?i=3128946

Group Author

The Honest Company. (n.d.). [Stock image of white compact cases with assorted jewlery). Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/_UzLeRFhUPI

When username and creator name is present

mohamed Hassan [@mohamed_hassan]. (2018). [Clipart of a man leaning against a giant smartphone displaying a book icon]. Pixabay.  https://pixabay.com/illustrations/book-read-online-library-pages-3164558/

Kulikova, K. [@kkalerry]. (2020). [Stock image of white and brown plastic bottle on white table]. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/Jw_7R05ZIV4

Citing In-Text

(Cantabile, 2018)  OR Cantabile (2018) 

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Specific Guidelines

• If there is no title, then describe the photograph in square brackets. See the image examples above.
• If the source the photo belongs to has the same name as the group author, omit the source.

Format

Individual creator - when their name is present

Creator, A. A. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case [Photograph]. Name of Source Photo is in, in Title Case. https://xxxxx

Group Author

Group Author. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case  [Photograph]. Name of Source Photo is in, in Title Case. https://xxxxx

When only username is present

Username as is. (Year of creation). Title of image in sentence case [Photograph]. Name of Source Photo is in, in Title Case. https://xxxx

Examples

Individual creator

Wolcott, M. P. (1940). African American cotton plantation workers, hired as day laborers, walking next to cotton field at Hopson Plantation, Clarksdale, Mississippi Delta, Mississippi, August 1940 [Photograph]. Digital Public Library of America. https://dp.la/item/a4cc3d089948cf2a3970693ef8f6640e

Chernaya, K. (2018). Green grass field [Photograph]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/green-grass-field-3965506/

Group author

Augusta University. (2019). [Photograph of Study Abroad England 2019 group in front of St. Martin's Theatre].  https://augustauniversity.photoshelter.com/galleries/C0000aXN_IohOUJI/G0000zO5EtGBOOZs/I0000.0ipAHCQYi8/Study-Abroad-England-2019-3-jpeg

Everett Collection Art. (1942). Welding training for women at the Volusia county vocational school, Daytona Beach. secretaries, housewives, and waitresses trained for World War 2 industrial work [Photograph]. Fine Art America. https://fineartamerica.com/featured/welding-training-for-women-everett.html

When only username is present

Eclectic Jack. (2019). Mount Saint Helens [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/153847305@N07/49749997526/in/dateposted/

P C. (2019). When will you return signage [Photograph]. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/when-will-you-return-signage-1749057/

Citing In-Text

(Eclectic Jack, 2019)  OR Eclectic Jack (2019). 

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Specific Guidelines

• If there is no title for the series, then describe the photograph series in square brackets. 
• If the source the photo belongs to has the same name as the group author, omit the source.

Format

Series title known

Creator, A. A. (Year of creation). Title of photograph series image in sentence case  [Photograph series]. Name of Source Photo is in, in Title Case. https://xxxxx

Series title unknown

Creator, A. A. (Year of creation). [Description of photograph series]. Name of Source Series is in, in Headline Case. https://xxxx

Examples

Series title known

Moore, Kevin. (ca. 2019). Rare bird [Photograph series]. Lensculture. https://www.lensculture.com/2020-lensculture-portrait-award-winners?modal=kevin-moore-the-winner-of-portrait-awards-2020

Green, E. J. (2019). Young New Yorkers [Photograph series]. Anothermag. https://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/12063/ethan-james-green-beautiful-portraits-of-new-york-couples-taylor-wessing

Series title unknown

Tugnoli, L. (2019). [Photograph series of the famine in Yemen]. The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/lorenzo-tugnoli-washington-post

Citing In-Text

(Moore, ca. 2019)  OR Moore (ca. 2019). 

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

For more details and examples on how to reference blog posts and comments, consult the following section in the APA 7th Publication Manual:

Section 10.17 Visual Works 98 & 101.

Augusta University provides free access to EndNote citation management tool students, faculty, and staff.

If you use EndNote to input your references, then choose the reference type underneath. If you export or import your citations, then check that EndNote automatically categorized them to the below reference type. Edit the reference type if it is incorrect.  

Reference Type:  Artwork or Online Multimedia