APA 7th Citation Guide

General Guidelines

Author element

• Author: List up to 20 authors. Follow guidelines for 21+ authors.

Date element

• Date: Write the publication year of the journal article in parentheses, e.g. (2020).
• Seasons in dates: If a journal or magazine is published by season and does not include a volume or issue number, include the season with the date in parentheses, e.g. (2019, Summer).

Title element

• Journal article title: Write the title of the journal article in regular font emphasis and in sentence case.
• To write in sentence case is to write how one writes a sentence, i.e. the first word starts with a capital letter, and the rest is in lower case, except for proper nouns, abbreviations, and acronyms. Also, begin subheadings with a capital letter. For more info on sentence case, see the link below.

Source element

• Journal title: The title of the journal is in italics and in Title Case. For example, Educational Leadership and Administration: Teaching and Program Development. For more information on title case, see the link below. 
• Volume, issue & page numbers: Provide the volume, issue, and page range if evident. If any of this information is missing omit it from the reference.
• Electronic retrieval info: DOIs vs URLs
  • Default preference - provide the DOI: If the article has a DOI include it at the end of the reference. The DOI is a digital object identifier - a string of numbers, currently beginning with the number 10, e.g. 10.1177/0027432118816147.
    • Prefix the DOI with: https://doi.org/
    • The DOI is typically located on the first page of the eJournal article in the header or the footer. You may also find it in the database record details for the article.
    • If the article is from a library database and has no DOI, then you typically do not put online retrieval information. Treat it as if it is a print journal article, ending the reference at the final page number. There are a few exceptions to this rule, detailed for particular situations in the APA Manual.

The below chart is a general template to help you built citations for eJournal articles.

On the left-hand panel of this guide, navigate to your specific journal article type to see the format and examples for it.

Specific guidelines

• Prefix the DOI with https://doi.org/ 
• Follow the prefix with the original DOI string. Find the original DOI string in the full record in a database, or on the first page of the article.
• If you copy the DOI from a generated citation from GALILEO or an individual database, then double-check that the prefix is formatted correctly according to APA 7th, and make any edits if needed.

Format 

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume number(issue number), page #-page #. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume number(issue number), page #-page #. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Examples​

Roy, K., Messina, L., Smith, J., & Walters, D. (2014). Growing up as 'man of the house': Adultification and transition into adulthood for young men in economically disadvantaged families. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 2014(143), 55- 72. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20054

Dunn, K., & Darlington, E. (2016). GCSE Geography teachers’ experiences of differentiation in the classroom. International Research in Geographical & Environmental Education, 25(4), 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2016.1207990

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Dunn & Darlington, 2016) OR Dunn and Darlington (2016)

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of the article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue number), page #-page #. 

Examples

Evelien S., Ritzema, M. I., Deunk, & Bosker, R. J. (2016). Differentiation practices in grade 2 and 3: Variations in teacher behavior in mathematics and reading comprehension lessons. The Journal of Classroom Interaction, 51(2), 50-72.

See Reviews Page

Consult the Reviews of books, films, & TV page on how to cite eJournal articles that are reviews, for example, film, book, or TV reviews.

See Articles: Informally Published articles

Consult the Articles: Informally published articles page on how to cite versions of journal articles that are informally published online, i.e. not the final version of the formally published article in a journal.

Specific guidelines

• Add the article number after the issue number (or the volume no. if there is no issue no.). Write 'Article' followed by the number.
• Ensure you capitalize the word 'Article' before the article number or eLocator.

Format

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue), Article #. https://doi.org/xxxxx OR end the reference if no DOI.

Examples​

Lindner, K-T., Ghaleb H. A., Wahl, S., & Schwab, S. (2019). Perceived differentiation and personalization teaching approaches in inclusive classrooms: Perspectives of students and teachers. Frontiers in Education, 4, Article 58. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00058​

Kim, D.- J. (2020). The effects of a recollection-based occupational therapy program of alzheimer’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. Occupational Therapy International, 2020, Article 6305727. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6305727

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Lindner et al., 2019) OR Lindner et al. (2019).

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Specific Guidelines

Journal articles that fall under this category are those that are posted online before they have gone to print. After the title of the journal, include the phrase, Advance online publication, and then follow that with the DOI or end the reference there if there is none.

Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/xxxxx or blank if no DOI

Example

Kim, A., Shakory, S., Azad, A., Popovic, C., & Park, L. (2019). Understanding the impact of attendance and participation on academic achievement. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000151

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Kim et al., 2019) to Kim et al. (2019)

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

See Article: From Cochrane, ERIC, & UpToDate Databases Page

Consult the Article: From Cochrane, ERIC, & UpToDate Databases page on how to cite articles that are from Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

See Article: From Cochrane, ERIC, & UpToDate Databases Page

Consult the Article: From Cochrane, ERIC, & UpToDate Databases page on how to cite articles that are from UpToDate database.

Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue), page #-page #. https://doi.org/xxxxx or blank if no DOI

Examples

Nickerson, C. (2015). The death of the non-native speaker? English as a lingua franca in business communication: A research agenda. Language Teaching, 48(3), 390-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444815000129

Knight, D. (2013). Borrowed language: Literary sources, foreign resources and private communications in the creation of an early nineteenth-century central European landscape. Garden History, 41(2), 177-195. 

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Nickerson, 2015)  OR Nickerson (2015)

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Format

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue), page #-page #.  https://doi.org/xxxxx or end the reference if no DOI

Examples

Eyring, H., & Narayanan, V. G. (2018). Performance effects of setting a high reference point for peer-performance comparison. Journal of Accounting Research, 56(2), 581-615. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12199

Bhardwaj, A., & Goundar, S. (2019). A framework to define the relationship between cyber security and cloud performance. Computer Fraud & Security, 2019(2), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-3723(19)30020-X

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Eyring & Narayanan, 2018) OR Eyring and Narayanan (2018)

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue number), page #-page #.  https://doi.org/xxxxx or leave blank if no DOI

Example

Wendt, F., Sharma, G. K., Frank, M., Zotter, F., & Holdrich, R. (2017). Perception of spatial sound phenomena created by the icosahedral loudspeaker. Computer Music Journal, 41(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.1162/COMJ_a_00396

Horowitz, M. C., Kreps, S. E., & Fuhrmann, M. (2016). Separating fact from fiction in the debate over drone proliferation. International Security, 41(2), 7-42. 

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Wendt et al., 2018) OR Wendt et al. (2018).

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

General guidelines

Enter the first 19 authors, type an ellipsis (three spaced dots), and then enter the last author.

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G, Author H. H., Author, I. I, Author, J. J., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, R. R., Author, S. S.,. . . Author, Z. Z. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue), page #-page #.  https://doi.org/xxxxx or blank if no DOI.

Example

Nath, V., Schilling, K. G., Parvathaneni, P., Huo, Y., Blaber, J. A., Hainline, A. E., Barakovic, M., Romascano, D., Rafael, P. J., Frigo, M., Girard, G., Thiran, J., Daducci, A., Rowe, M., Rodrigues, P., Prčkovska, V., Aydogan, D. B., Sun, W., Shi, Y., . . . Landman, B. A. (2020). Tractography reproducibility challenge with empirical data (TraCED): The 2017 ISMRM diffusion study group challenge. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 51(1), 234–249. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26794

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Nath et al., 2020) OR Nath et al. (2020).

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

General guidelines

Write the group author, e.g. the corporate author, task force, working group, etc. as is. 

Format

Group Author. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue), page #-page #. https://doi.org/xxxxx or blank if no DOI

Examples

EuroCoord, The European Pregancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group. (2020). Prevalence and clinical outcomes of poor immune response despite virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy among children and adolescents with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand: Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70(3), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz253

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

First citation: (EuroCoord, The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration Study Group [EPPICC], 2020)

Subsequent citations: (EPPICC, 2020)

OR

First citation: EuroCoord, The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration Study Group (EPPICC, 2020)

Subsequent citations: EPPICC (2020)

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G, Author H. H., Author, I. I, Author, J. J., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, R. R., Author, S. S.,. . . Group Author as written. (Year of publication). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Journal in Title Case, volume(issue), page #-page #.  https://doi.org/xxxxx or blank if no DOI.

Example

Note this example cites a journal article with an Article No. 

Folguera-Álvarez, C., Garrido-Elustondo, S., Verdú-Soriano, J., García-García-Alcalá, D., Sánchez-Hernández, M., Torres-de Castro, O. G., Barceló-Fidalgo, M. L., Martínez-González, O., Ardiaca-Burgués, L., Solano-Villarrubia, C., Lebracón-Cortés, P. R., Molins-Santos, C., Fresno-Flores, M., Cánovas-Lago, M. C., Benito-Herranz, L. F., García-Sánchez, M. T., Castillo-Pla, O., Morcillo-San Juan, M. S., Ayuso-de la Torre, M. B., Burgos-Quintana, P., López-Torres-Escudero, A., . . . ECAMulticapa Group. (2016). ECAMulticapa: Effectiveness of double-layered compression therapy for healing venous ulcers in primary care: a Study Protocol. BMC Nursing, 15, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0179-x

Citing In-Text: Example of one of the references

(Folguera-Álvarez et al., 2016) OR Folguera-Álvarez et al. (2016).

For more detailed guidelines on in-text citations go to our Citing In-Text tab.

For more details and examples on how to reference journal articles, including for types not covered here, consult the following section in the APA 7th Publication Manual:

Section 10.1 Periodicals 1-14.

Augusta University provides free access to EndNote citation management tool students, faculty, and staff.

If you use EndNote to input your references, then choose the reference type underneath. If you export or import your citations, then check that EndNote automatically categorized them to the below reference type. Edit the reference type if it is incorrect.  

Reference Type: Electronic Article