EndNote X9 for Windows: Modify an EndNote Output Style

Go to Bibliography and select Templates to modify the reference style for the entire bibliography. Here you can:

• Edit punctuation format: Place your cursor where you want to add or remove punctuation marks. Make your edits, taking care not to delete separators eg. change full-stops to commas, add inverted commas.
• Modify font emphasis: Highlight the text you would like emphasized in a different way. Modify the font emphasis, eg. highlight 'Conference Name' and select the Italics icon to change conference names to appear in italics.

In 'Field Substitutions' you can direct EndNote to substitute certain fields with other data that has been imported with the reference.

Important for APA 6th: EndNote's current APA 6th style does not reveal the URL of a journal article if it does not have a DOI. If you are using APA 6th or another style that requires the URL to be revealed and it is not displaying, follow these steps to force the URL to be displayed:

1. In the Output Style Box, select the style you wish to edit to reveal URLs, e.g. APA 6th.
2. Go to Edit > Output Styles > Select your style, e.g. select Edit APA 6th. 
   • Alternatively, go to Edit > Output Styles > Open Style Manager > Highlight the style you wish to modify > Edit
3. Select Bibliography > Field Substitutions  
4. Tick the first box, "If the DOI field is empty, use..."

This will direct EndNote to display the URL of the source.

Important Note: For journal articles, you still need to manually edit the URL field and input the correct URL. For example, in APA 6th, you will need to change the URL to the journal homepage.

You can modify the punctuation and font emphasis:

• Punctuation format: Place your cursor where you want to add or remove punctuation marks. Make your edits, taking care not to delete separators eg. change full-stops to commas, add inverted commas.
• Font emphasis for certain citation elements: Highlight the text you would like emphasized in a different way. Modify the font emphasis, eg. highlight 'Conference Name' and select the Italics icon to change conference names to appear in italics.

Add additional fields via the Insert Field function, eg. you want to add the citation element of Issue. 

1. Place your cursor where you wish to add the facet, eg. after Volume|
2. Go to Insert Field > Select the facet eg. Issue.
3. Leave your cursor where it is. Then go to Insert Field > Forced Separation.
4. Add a space between the separator and the new field.
5. Edit punctuation & formatting if required eg. a comma after the field; un-bold.

Add additional fields via the Insert Field function eg.add the word 'no.' before the Issue field.

1. Place your cursor where you wish to add the adjacent words.

2. Select Insert Field > Link Adjacent text. A tiny diamond symbol will appear where your cursor is located.

3. Type the word next to the diamond eg. no.. Edit formatting if required. 

Change other formatting settings for the full reference style if necessary. For example some common changes are;

• Author Names and Editor Names: What does your style need? All capitals, small capitals or normal? The first author set out as First name, Last name? Initials punctuated differently, eg.  AB instead of A.B.? 
• Author Lists and Editor Lists: Do you want all authors listed or after a certain number show 'et al.' at the end?
• Title Capitalization: Auto-format the case of the title eg. Headline Style,'Sentence style, or leave titles as you have entered or exported them?

Modify the settings for anonymous works, page numbers, journal name and sections after 'About this Style' in the left hand panel. 

See the following examples:

• Journal names: Does the style require full journal name or an abbreviated version? 
  • Note: You need to have imported term lists if you wish to use an abbreviated version.
• Sections: Choose to set a bibliography after each section or just one bibliography at the end of your document.
• Page numbers: How should the page numbers display? eg. 123-25; 123-25; 123-5 as shown below.