| Plagiarism |
| Definition: using someone else's work without giving proper attribution |
| Avoid plagiarism by always citing sources used |
Useful Resources:
| Copyright Infringement |
| Definition: reproducing, distributing, performing/displaying, or creating a derivative (i.e. translation) of someone else's work |
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Avoid copyright infringement by always obtaining permissions to use a complete work or a significant amount of the work, such as a large body of text (e.g. several paragraphs), graphs, tables, photographs, and other visual aids; using your own previously published work also requires written permission! See the tab "Obtaining Permissions" for instructions. |
Useful Resources:
| Fair Use |
| Definition: legal use of copyrighted materials without having to obtain permission from the copyright holder |
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Determine fair use by weighing the purpose of use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount of use, and the impact of use on the market NOTE: It is probably more likely that the use of copyrighted materials in dissertations will need permission to use. |
Useful Resources:
| Example of Fair Use in a Previous Nursing PhD Dissertation |
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Source: Linck, D. T. (2018). Female teens step it up with the Fitbit Zip: A randomized controlled pilot study [Doctoral dissertation]. Theses and Dissertations, Augusta University. Scholarly Commons. Retrieved from https://augusta.openrepository.com/handle/10675.2/621823 |
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Most likely considered Fair Use: small quotation, not intended for profit |
| Public Domain |
| Definition: works that are no longer protected by copyright and can be used without permission, including the creation of derivative works |
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Determine whether a work is in the public domain by its publication date or by its license agreement Examples:
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Useful Resources:
| Example of Using a Public Domain Work in a Previous Nursing PhD Dissertation |
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| Source: Sarfo, R. (2018). Relationships among health literacy, self-care, and hospital readmission status in African American adults with heart failure [Doctoral dissertation]. Theses and Dissertations. Augusta University. Scholarly Commons. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10675.2/621827 |
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Original work is in the public domain and can be re-used and distributed without obtaining prior permission. Riegel, B, Lee, C. S., Dickson, V. V., & Carlson, B. (2009). An update of the self-care of heart failure index. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(6), 485-497. doi:10.1097/JCN.0b013e3181b4baa0
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Identify who owns the copyright
| Published Works | Unpublished Works |
| Start with the publisher | Start with the creator |
| Publishers often have a permissions department and requests can be made directly online | Search for contact information either within the work itself or online |
Make request and obtain permission in writing, either through an automated form (see RightsLink tab), e-mail, or through a traditional written letter
| Published Works | Unpublished Works |
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Publishers will generally ask in an automated form:
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Identify what the need is and for what it will be used:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz |
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Requests made online are often done through RightsLink, a licensing service from the Copyright Clearing House that automates permissions of use directly from the website. See RightsLink tab for more information.
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See an example of a permissions letter below. |
Requests made online are often done through RightsLink, a licensing service from the Copyright Clearing House that automates permissions of use directly from the website. Below is an example with a brief tutorial video:
