The Legislative Branch includes The Congress of the United States which is composed of two deliberative chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two Senators per State, for a total of 100 Senators. There are 435 Representatives in the House. Each state is apportioned seats in the House according to their total population in the most current decennial census.
The primary role of Congress is to pass laws, confirm nominations to Executive and Judicial offices, and declare war.
In addition to the two deliberative bodies, the Legislative Branch includes agencies related to the operations of Congress, including the Congressional Budget Office, the Government Publishing Office, and the Library of Congress, among others.
The Executive Branch includes the President, the Vice-President, and the Executive Departments, Agencies, and Bureaus. The President and Vice-President are elected to four year terms. The Secretaries of the Departments are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and serve at the pleasure of the President.
The primary role of the Executive Branch is to carry out and enforce the laws passed by Congress.
The Executive Department Secretaries and other high-ranking government officials serve as advisors in the President's Cabinet. Executive Department officials direct the daily operations of their various departments and are regularly called upon by Congress to report or advise on their activities or needs.
The Judicial Branch is established in Article III of the U. S. Constitution, and the first bill under the newly adopted Constitution introduced to the Senate was the Judiciary Act of 1789, which outlined the structure of the Judicial Branch. Federal Judges are nominated by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and their appointments are for their lifetime. In addition to the Supreme Court, the Judicial Branch includes, 94 U.S. District Courts, 92 U.S. Bankruptcy Courts, and 13 Circuit (Appeals) Courts, as well as Probation and Pretrial Services and Public Defender Organizations.
The primary role of the Judicial Branch is to make rulings on legal questions and interpret law.